Sustainable cooling is critical for climate change mitigation and energy resilience, potentially reducing global greenhouse gas emissions while addressing rising demand for cooling. Solar refrigeration technologies offer alternatives to electricity-intensive refrigeration systems but remain underutilised in industrial applications where thermal energy is required for many manufacturing processes. Specifically, Vuilleumier refrigerators – heat-driven devices with mechanical simplicity – show unexplored potential when powered by concentrated solar energy, as no existing models integrate a solar concentrator with the refrigeration cycle irreversibilities. Here, we develop an endoreversible thermodynamic model of a solar-driven Vuilleumier refrigerator, coupling optical concentration, absorber design, and regeneration effect. Numerical analysis reveals that the coefficient of performance (β) exhibits concentration-dependent thresholds (ξ > 0.18 at 273 K; ξ > 0.11 at 253 K), with asymptotic plateaus at β ≈ 9 and β ≈ 4 respectively. Normalised sensitivity analysis identifies regenerator effectiveness (ɛ) as the dominant parameter (12–16 times more influential), compared with the solar-specific parameters. These results resolve a critical gap in solar-thermal refrigeration by demonstrating that regenerator design – not concentrator scaling – limits maximum coefficient of performance. This work provides a thermodynamic blueprint delineating the fundamental performance boundaries of solar-Vuilleumier technology, governed by irreversibility constraints and asymptotic efficiency limits.